hide your personal folder with my personal trick: D
Just follow these simple steps

• Make new folder anywhere in your hard drive.
• 
• Rename your folder Hold Alt key and press “1060” and press enter you can see your folder not have any name.
• Right click on your folder and go to “Properties” then you can see the tab “Customize” and select “change icon”. Select any blank space icon and click Ok
• 
• 
• 
• Once you have done your personal folder will be invisible surely

• include VS require
• include_once VS include
• require_once VS require
• echo VS print
• Single quote VS Double quote

Apparently all functions in each above point work in similar fashion. However, they are slightly different from other. Continue reading to explore the differences.

include VS require

Both are frequently used to include other files into our PHP code. Following are the differences between ‘include’ and ‘require’:

• ‘include’ throws a warning, if your specified file is not found. Rest of the code will be rendered.
• ‘require’ throws a fatal error, if your specified file is not found. Rest of the code will not be rendered.

Testing with Code Example

I’m using some code to make it more clear. To check it yourself you may follow the steps with me. Create a new file  ‘inc.file.php’, put below code in it:

<?php
function printMe()
{
 return "I have some code <br>";
}

echo printMe();
?>

Save the file in any directory of server. Now create a new file ‘index.php’ and put the below code in it:

<?php
include 'inc.nofile.php'; //File does not exist
include 'inc.file.php'; //This line will be rendered
?>

Save the file in same directory. To see how ‘include’ works, run the ‘index.php’ file from your browser. You will see an error something similar to:

Warning: include(inc.nofile.php) [function.include]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in…

But still you can see that the text – “I have some code” is printed to the screen.

However, same test for ‘require’, shows that second line will not be rendered. Here is the code for testing ‘require’. Just copy and paste below code to your ‘index.php’ file (Remove any existing code)

<?php
require 'inc.nofile.php'; //File does not exist
include 'inc.file.php'; //This line will not be rendered
?>

This time we again get an error, but note that nothing is rendered after an error occurred.

Conclusion

Use ‘include’ when you want to render the code even if an error occurs. And use ‘require’ when you do not want to render the remaining code after an error occurs.

include_once VS include AND require_once VS require

‘include_once’ and ‘require_once’ are same in nature. Here we will see the difference of ‘include_once’ against ‘include’. Following are the differences between ‘include’ and ‘include_once’:

• All includes for same file will be rendered, if you are using ‘include’.
• While all includes for same file will be rendered only once, if you are using ‘include_once’. This helps you to prevent an error, if same file included again.

Testing with Code Example

To start off with experimenting, replace below code in ‘index.php’

<?php
include 'inc.file.php';
include 'inc.file.php'; //It will generate a fatal error
?>

Above code will be ended with following error,

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare printMe() (previously declared

Because, we are using same file in our includes. And our file – inc.file.php – has a function of printMe(). Since, we cannot re-declare a function in PHP, it throws an error.

But if we test below code by replacing it in our ‘index.php’ file, it will not throw any error.

<?php
include_once 'inc.file.php';
include_once 'inc.file.php'; //This will be ignored
?>

Since ‘inc.file.php’ is included using ‘include_once’, it will ignore the second line because it includes same file only once.

Conclusion

Use ‘include_once’, where you are in doubt of including the same file again somewhere in your code.

print VS echo

‘print’ and ‘echo’ are almost similar. Both are used to write text to screen. But there is a single difference between them:

• ‘print’ does not accept multiple parameters.
• While ‘echo’ accepts multiple parameters.

Above difference may be confusing to many people. I try to clear the confusion by explaining the difference by code.

Testing with Code Example

Let’s begin with ‘echo’ example. We pass two parameters to ‘echo’:

<?php
echo ("Tech "), ("Mug");
?>

Above code will be rendered without any error. But if we try same thing with ‘print’, it will be ended with a parse error. Let’s try it:

<?php
print ("Tech "), ("Mug"); //This will generate an error
?>

Above code will give you an error something similar to,

Parse error: parse error in…

Conclusion

We may pass multiple parameters to ‘echo’ but not to ‘print’.

Single quote VS Double quote

This might be very confusing for many developers to choose between single and double quote for writing string. There is a couple of difference between using single and double quote:

• Any variable or special character like \n \r etc under the single quote will not be rendered. It will be displayed as an string.
• Any variable or special character like \n \r etc under the double quote will be rendered properly.

Test with Code Example

Test the below code in ‘index.php’ file and run the file.

<?php
$var = 'I am a string!';

echo 'I write - $var'; //It will not render $var variable
echo "I write - $var"; //It will render $var successfully

// Special formatting characters (\n \r etc) also do not
// work with single quote
echo 'My first line \n my new line'; // \n sequence will not be rendered and displayed as a string
echo "My first line \n my new line"; // \n sequence will be rendered
?>

Explanation of above code should be understandable by reading the comments, the code has.

Conclusion

It does not make any difference to use single or double quote until you want to render a variable and/or any special character in it.

Hopefully, now you have a better understanding of above discussion and it helps for php beginner developers . Please feel free to share your thoughts or ask any question. Your comments are always welcome. If you like this article, please share it on your favorite website. It may help someone somewhere!

What is a Startup Business?

Is the first question that comes mind. Clearly startup most startups have one thing in common limited financial resources, and the sincere will to spend wisely in order to get the proverbial “bang for the buck. Considering that, it would be pertinent to direct marketing efforts towards a more focused audience rather than a fragmented one. In order to do that we need to learn the media usage and business habits of the audience we wish to target.

If the product or service relates to the segment which uses the internet then digital should be the driving force behind the marketing efforts. Now we arrive to the next question of what can be done given the limited finances to achieve maximum results. What are the various ways the digital medium can be used for achieving goals and meeting business objectives?

Digital marketing can be done through various means and can be tailored to meet big budgets as well as small.

To understand how to allocate budget wisely it’s important to understand the following:

Once the above is understood marketers can evaluate and allocate budget accordingly.

An example of a startup business doing effective digital marketing

As the Marketing Manager I had less than $100,000 to spend on media for a consumer product with distribution in 50,000 consumer outlets. Instead of spreading those dollars among the 25 websites in the category with little or no effectiveness, I bought year-round advertising in just two. To the readers of those two websites, we looked like a major national brand. As the company’s sales grew, the budget expanded, and we were able to add other websites and communications channels.

Note: Please note this article is a guest post, written by Mr. Ali Aurangzeb.

If you like this article, please share it on your favorite website. It may help someone somewhere!

First Tactic – Detect Javascript Enabled

Our first step is to detect whether visitor has Javascript enabled or not. If Javascript is not enable, we will redirect user to an error/instruction page (I create a seperate page where I give instructions to visitor that how to enable Javascript in his/her browser).

Put below code just after the <head> tag in your web page:

<noscript>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;URL=error-javascript.php" />
</noscript>

Above code is executed if Javascript is disabled and redirect user to error-javascript.php. We are using <meta> tag for redirection. If Javascript is not disabled, above code will not be executed.

Second Tactic- Detect Flash Plugin Installed

There is a Javascript solution to detect Flash Plugin Installed and replace Flash animation with your custom message. In order to accomplish the said task you need to place below Javascript instead of your normal embedded code:

<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
var MM_contentVersion = 9;
var plugin = (navigator.mimeTypes && navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"]) ? navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"].enabledPlugin : 0;
if ( plugin ) {
		var words = navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash"].description.split(" ");
	    for (var i = 0; i < words.length; ++i)
	    {
		if (isNaN(parseInt(words[i])))
		continue;
		var MM_PluginVersion = words[i];
	    }
	var MM_FlashCanPlay = MM_PluginVersion >= MM_contentVersion;
}
else if (navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")>=0
   && (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Win") != -1)) {
	document.write('<SCR' + 'IPT LANGUAGE=VBScript\> \n'); //FS hide this from IE4.5 Mac by splitting the tag
	document.write('on error resume next \n');
	document.write('MM_FlashCanPlay = ( IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash." & MM_contentVersion)))\n');
	document.write('</SCR' + 'IPT\> \n');
}
if ( MM_FlashCanPlay ) {
	document.write('<object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" width="160" height="120">');
    document.write('<param name="movie" value="animation.swf">');
    document.write ('<param name="quality" value="high">');
	document.write ('<param name="wmode" value="transparent">');
    document.write('<embed src="animation.swf" width="160" height="120" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"></embed></object>');
} else{
	document.write('<a href="./"><img src="replaced-image.png" alt="Flash Plugin not Installed" border="0"></a>');

}
//-->

</script>

Above code detect for Version 9 or greater version of flash plugin. If flash plugin is detected it displays flash animation (animation.swf) else it displays an image (replaced-image.png) instead of flash animation. In the place of image you can write more text and instructions. Everything is upto on you.

Don’t forget to share the post on your favorite website. It may also help someone somewhere.